Cov qauv ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb tuaj yeem tsim los siv pob zeb lossis hlau, nrog rau kev teeb tsa xws li portal thav duab thiab π-puab cov qauv. Qhov kev xaiv kuj yog nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv tau teem rau hauv ib txheej lossis ntau txheej.

1. Transformers

Transformers yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv cov chaw nres tsheb thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob-winding transformers, peb-winding transformers, thiab autotransformers (uas sib koom winding rau ob qho tib si siab thiab tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob, nrog rau kais los ntawm high voltage winding los ua qhov qis. voltage tso zis). Cov theem voltage yog proportional rau tus naj npawb ntawm lem nyob rau hauv windings, thaum tam sim no yog inversely proportional.

Transformers tuaj yeem raug cais raws li lawv txoj haujlwm rau hauv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv (siv hauv kev xa cov substations) thiab cov kauj ruam-down transformers (siv tau txais cov khoom siv substations). Qhov voltage ntawm lub transformer yuav tsum phim qhov voltage ntawm lub hwj chim system. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov kev lees paub qhov voltage raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov tshuab hloov pauv yuav xav tau hloov cov kais sib txuas.

Raws li tus kais hloov txoj kev, transformers tau categorized rau hauv-load kais-hloov transformers thiab off-load kais-hloov transformers. On-load kais-hloov transformers feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv tau txais substations.

2. Cov cuab yeej Transformers

Voltage transformers thiab tam sim no transformers ua hauj lwm zoo ib yam li transformers, converting high voltage thiab loj tam sim no los ntawm cov khoom thiab busbars mus rau hauv qis voltage thiab tam sim no theem tsim nyog rau kev ntsuas ntsuas, relay tiv thaiv, thiab tswj cov cuab yeej. Raws li kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej, qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob yog 100V, thaum lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm lub tshuab hloov tam sim no feem ntau yog 5A lossis 1A. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob qhib lub voj voog thib ob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tam sim no, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj hluav taws xob siab uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.

3. Hloov khoom siv

Qhov no suav nrog Circuit Court breakers, isolators, load switches, thiab high-voltage fuses, uas yog siv los qhib thiab kaw circuits. Circuit Court breakers yog siv los txuas thiab disconnect circuits thaum lub sij hawm ib txwm ua hauj lwm thiab txiav tawm cov khoom faulty thiab kab nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm relay tiv thaiv pab kiag li lawm. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, cua Circuit Court breakers thiab sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Circuit Court breakers feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv substations nyob saum 220kV.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cais (riam phom) yog cais tawm qhov hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm siv khoom lossis kev saib xyuas kab kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev thauj khoom lossis kev ua txhaum tam sim no thiab yuav tsum tau siv ua ke nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thaum lub sij hawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau qhib ua ntej lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib cais, thiab thaum lub sij hawm hloov hluav taws xob, lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug kaw ua ntej lub Circuit Court breaker. Kev ua haujlwm tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas thiab raug mob ntawm tus kheej.

Load switches tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov load tam sim no thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no. Lawv feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog high-voltage fuses rau transformers los yog cov kab tawm nyob rau ntawm 10kV thiab siab dua uas tsis nquag ua haujlwm.

Txhawm rau txo cov hneev taw ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb, SF6-insulated switchgear (GIS) tau siv dav. Cov thev naus laus zis no suav nrog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, cov khoom sib cais, cov tsheb thauj mus los, cov kev hloov pauv hauv av, cov cuab yeej hloov pauv, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas mus rau hauv ib qho compact, kaw tsev ntim nrog SF6 roj raws li qhov nruab nrab insulating. GIS muaj qhov zoo xws li cov qauv compact, lub teeb yuag, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, ncua kev txij nkawm, thiab txo kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab thiab suab nrov cuam tshuam. Nws tau siv nyob rau hauv substations txog li 765kV. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem kim heev thiab yuav tsum muaj kev tsim khoom thiab kev saib xyuas zoo.

4. Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv xob laim

Substations kuj tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv xob laim, feem ntau yog xob laim thiab cov surge arresters. Cov hlua hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ncaj qha los ntawm kev coj cov hluav taws xob tam sim no rau hauv av. Thaum xob laim tawm tsam cov kab nyob ze, nws tuaj yeem ua rau overvoltage hauv substation. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Circuit Court breakers tuaj yeem ua rau overvoltage. Surge arresters cia li tso tawm mus rau hauv av thaum overvoltage tshaj ib qho chaw pib, yog li tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej. Tom qab tso tawm, lawv ceev nrooj tua cov arc kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub, xws li zinc oxide surge arresters.